Currently available and approved drugs for the therapy of osteoporosis inhibit bone resorption. Their great clinical value lies in reducing the activity of the osteoclasts and thereby increasing BMD and reducing fracture risk. But new bone is not produced, and reduction of fracture risk, although highly significant, is rarely more than 50% of the baseline risk level. A different therapeutic approach is osteoanabolic therapy, with stimulation of new bone formation, for which fluoride, strontium ranelate, GH, insulin-like growth factor, the statins and PTH are the main candidates in humans for short-term administration. However, it should be mentioned that continuously elevated calcium and PTH levels, as in pHPT, affect insulin sensitivity and result in increased insulin secretion, but the administration of rhPTH in the doses given in osteoporosis does not affect glucose homeostasis.