The Fischer–Tropsch (FT) process stands out as a fundamental technology for addressing contemporary environmental challenges, enabling the valorisation of gases derived from the gasification of various waste streams, such as plastics, biomass, and biofuels. This approach not only facilitates the production of fuels and chemicals capable of replacing those derived from fossil sources but also significantly contributes to mitigating associated environmental issues, such as carbon emissions and waste accumulation. Based on this premise, a comprehensive review of the scientific literature was conducted, selecting a range of catalysts, supports, and operating conditions. The results identified the 30% Co/SiC catalyst as achieving outstanding performance under optimal temperatures and pressures, with a CO conversion rate of 71%, a C5+ product selectivity of 88%, and an atom economy of 54.67%. These findings underscore the effectiveness of the SiC support and cobalt as the active metal in maximising the production of high-value liquid hydrocarbons. This study highlights the potential of the Fischer–Tropsch process to convert waste into sustainable, high-value products, reinforcing its role in the development of clean and industrially relevant technologies.