3D GIS Integration for Sustainable Cities: Subsoil Management in Leiria, Portugal
摘要
Sustainable urban subsoil management is crucial for ensuring the resilience and long-term sustainability of rapidly growing cities such as Leiria, Portugal. This research explores the application of integrated 3D Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for effective subsoil management, using lithological, stratigraphic, and Standard Penetration Test (SPT) data obtained from boreholes. By developing 3D geospatial models of the subsoil, the study enhances knowledge, understanding, visualization, and analysis of subsurface conditions, thereby supporting sustainable urban planning. Case studies from Leiria, including the area surrounding the Municipal Stadium, demonstrate the potential of 3D GIS to improve infrastructure resilience, mitigate geotechnical risks, and promote environmentally responsible construction practices.