This article explores the use of 3D printing combined with local materials, such as earth, to develop sustainable solutions in emergency architecture, with a focus on Temporary Planned Camps (TPCs). The research seeks to respond the growing demand for housing alternatives in natural disaster scenarios, considering aspects of sustainability, efficiency, and cultural adaptation. Based on a comprehensive literature review, the state of the art of earth-based constructions, the criteria for sustainable emergency architecture, and the applications of 3D printing in civil engineering were analyzed. The results highlight that earth-based construction, historically used for its economic viability and sustainability, can be enhanced with the use of additives, such as natural fibers and polymers, to increase its strength and durability. 3D printing, in turn, offers advantages such as reduced waste, fast execution, and form flexibility, demonstrating significant potential for applications in humanitarian emergencies. Projects like Tecla and Gaia illustrate the effectiveness of this approach, combining technological innovation with eco-friendly materials. It is concluded that the use of 3D printing with Earth offers a viable solution for creating sustainable temporary housing, integrating technology and traditional practices. However, challenges related to regulations, machinery costs, and technical training remain, indicating the need for further research to consolidate these techniques as widely applicable alternatives in emergency scenarios and in civil construction.