Citizens are crucial in managing urban waste. To meet the obligations and objectives of each country, it's essential to understand the factors that affect citizen behaviour. Additionally, comprehending how citizens approach waste management and separation at source is also crucial. These factors, along with insights into recycling attitudes, should support the creation of new models or the revision of existing waste management frameworks, ensuring all citizens can engage voluntarily, diligently, and correctly. Recent European regulations concerning bio-waste collection prompt a focus on food waste, especially in the final stages of the food supply chain, where citizens are involved in everyday activities. The key practices for preventing biowaste are outlined, along with suggestions for waste management services or organisations to meet the established legal targets. The main barriers to increased public participation in urban waste management and some ideas for future improvements are highlighted.