Culturally-Compatible Seismic Reinforcement for Traditional Moroccan Buildings: A Critical Review
摘要
The recent earthquakes that struck Morocco, especially in the High Atlas, have exposed the vulnerability of its rural regions. Quality reinforcement systems that are easily manufacturable and implementable in these regions are a current research field for simple, low-cost, and sustainable reinforcement systems suitable for contexts where industrial materials (reinforced concrete and steel) are unavailable or too costly to be brought in. Scientific literature has explored various reinforcement systems that include reinforced concrete belts, wooden frames covered with textile meshes, and the use of improved mortars to increase ductility, shearing resistance, and performance of the walls. In addition, some numerical simulations including finite element analysis and the discrete element method were valuable in assessing the dynamic response and validating the efficiency of solutions proposed for renovations. It provides a multi-layered analysis of the selected solutions, ranging from their structural efficiency to their ease of implementation and their relevance to local resources. It also proposes a preliminary classification of the results to guide prospective reinforcement choices, targeting technically acceptable, economically accessible, and culturally compatible interventions within the framework of the risk reduction process in rural housing. To summarize, to address seismic risks, we must adopt reinforcement solutions that respect the specificities of traditional Moroccan constructions. Research and innovation should focus on adapted solutions that improve building safety without compromising architectural and cultural heritage.