This chapter brings together the central insights of the book, reflecting on migration and integration as multifaceted, relational processes shaped through the interactions of migrants, native populations, states, and institutions. This book has used the concept of the politics of integration as an analytical lens to capture integration not as a technical policy domain, but as a deeply political and contested field in which belonging, membership, and social cohesion are continuously produced and disputed. Drawing on the notions of state, nation, nationalism, transnationalism, neoliberalism, belonging, and citizenship, we have shown that integration constitutes a key battleground where national identities are reaffirmed, reworked, or challenged, and where borders are symbolically and institutionally drawn through citizenship regimes, nationalist imaginaries, and approaches to ethnocultural diversity. Crucially, integration emerges in this perspective as a relational process that reconfigures power relations between social groups, pitting different categories of residents against one another, while simultaneously reshaping the lives, expectations, and self-understandings of both newcomers and established members of society. Rather than being about the incorporation of migrants alone, the politics of integration reveals how political communities in Europe and elsewhere renegotiate the boundaries of the demos in times of intensified mobility, socio-economic transformation, and political polarisation.