The preceding chapters have traced how integration has been conceptualised, politicized, and institutionalised within European nation-states. Chapter 2 mapped the conceptual evolution of integration, revealing its contested meanings and its shift toward more relational, boundary-focused understandings. Chapter 3 situated integration within broader nation-building processes, showing how civic and ethnic logics have intertwined in defining national membership, often reactivated during periods of intensified migration and populist mobilisation. Chapter 4 examined the policy dimensions of these dynamics, demonstrating how European states have navigated tensions between liberal ideals and exclusionary impulses through evolving integration regimes, civic integration measures, and multiculturalism’s retreat. Together, these chapters illuminate the complex interplay between theory, national imaginaries, and state practices of migrant integration—an interplay that directly frames the empirical findings presented in this chapter, where these dynamics are observed in lived experiences and policy outcomes on the ground.