The objective of the study was to develop and validate a comprehensive Vipassana proficiency (VP) scale based on Buddhist philosophy. Initially 50 items relevant for Vipassana proficiency was pooled and finalized by the authors based on their experience in Buddhist meditation and philosophy. These initial scale items were independently validated for the appropriateness of content by 20 experts in Buddhist meditation and philosophy. The content validated scale was tested for construct validity among Buddhist meditators (n = 311). Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) were used for testing convergent and divergent validity respectively. The content validity ratio (CVR) for the items calculated from the expert’s scores ranged from 0.7 to 1.0. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with maximum likelihood method revealed a three-factor solution (Factor 1- Mindfulness and application of virtues; Factor 2- Health and Harmony with self & others; Factor 3- Control over obstacles). The final three factor scale with 49 items suggested a statistically significant model fit (chi square = 2522; df = 1124; p < 0.001) with Comparative Fit Index (CFI) of 0.83 and 50% cumulative variance on confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The newly developed VP scale correlated positively (r = 0.6, p < 0.001) with MAAS, and negatively (r = −0.5, p < 0.001) with PSS, suggestive of adequate convergent and divergent validity. Test-retest reliability and internal consistency of the scale was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha and it ranged between 0.8–0.9. The newly developed VP scale has good psychometric property from Indian context. Further cross-cultural validation in larger sample is required.