TheClimate change world has two major ice sheetsIce sheet—in Antarctica and Greenland—but their histories are completely different. The Antarctic ice sheet evolved over 30 million years ago when South America separated from Antarctica to create the Drake Passage. This allowed the Circumpolar CurrentCircumpolar Current to form, isolating Antarctica and turning it into the coldest, highest and driest continent. Greenland is the last major remnant of continental ice sheets that have grown over large parts of North America and Europe repeatedly for the last two million years. In this chapter we will meet Milutin MilankovićMilutin Milanković and learn about his theory for ice agesIce age. Ice sheetsIce sheet over Europe and North America lowered sea level by 130 m and when they melted there were huge floods in Washington State in the west, as well as in eastern Canada. The rising sea level had many consequences: it refilled the Black SeaBlack Sea, possibly explaining the biblical flood story. Rising sea level flooded the Gulf of CarpentariaGulf of Carpentaria in Australia and the Persian Gulf Oasis. All the fish, kelp and corals living on the continental shelves today, including the Great Barrier ReefGreat Barrier Reef, are recent arrivals that only moved in over the last 10,000 years or so.