Contrary to professional recognition, the legal and policy landscape for academic recognition is much more dispersed. To start, action on academic recognition was taken by the EU in the context of the Copenhagen Process. At the same time, education was also subject to CJEU case law located at the intersection of free movement, EU citizenship, and education. Nevertheless, the development of academic recognition in the EU was heavily influenced by the limited competence of Article 165 TFEU which ensured not only the EU would become present in this area, but also other actors. Beyond the EU, academic recognition was achieved by the Council of Europe and UNESCO who created the Lisbon Recognition Convention, the main legal instrument for academic recognition in Europe. Equally, Member States cooperated together with other States outside the EU framework in the context of the Bologna Process, which was responsible for some of the biggest changes in higher education in Europe. Apart from European-level initiatives, we may furthermore see cooperation in smaller configurations of States such as in the Benelux who became a front-runner on automatic academic recognition. The present chapter discusses these initiatives and their role in achieving academic recognition in the EU.