Viral respiratory infections are the most common illnesses in humans. Climate change and globalization impact respiratory viruses’ local emergence, regional-scale spread, and eventual global-scale spread. This chapter describes how the domains of climate change, globalization, and their interplay affect the generation and transmission of viral respiratory diseases. The domains of climate change include those of altered disease dynamics, the influence on vectors or intermediate hosts, and factors of the environment and indoor air quality. The domains of globalization include those that spread across borders as well as those of the dynamics of trade, supply chains, and interactions with animals. The interplay of the climate change and globalization domains results in the rapid emergence and dissemination of viral diseases, the strain on health systems, and the vulnerability of displaced populations. The rise in global temperature could favor the “tropicalization” of traditionally temperate areas, which would affect the epidemiology of respiratory infections, favoring viruses that are transmitted throughout all seasons. As people spend more time indoors, the concept of hygiene will have to evolve to include clean air to breathe. By acting cooperatively, countries can take advantage of the lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic to address the climate crisis and other imminent global problems that could lead to the birth of emerging or re-emerging respiratory viral infections.