Agriculture faces pressures from climate change, resource scarcity, biodiversity loss, and increasing food demand, intensifying the need for sustainable and resilient transformation. Artificial intelligence has emerged as a key part of this transition, offering advanced capabilities for precision agriculture, resource management, supply-chain optimization, and data-driven decision-making. This chapter examines the role of AI in supporting sustainability across the agri-food sector, thoroughly explaining its main benefits, including increased efficiency and productivity, environmental and socio-economic gains, and improved risk assessment and resilience. Following, we critically assess the challenges and barriers that hinder broader AI adoption, including infrastructural, regulatory, economic, and cultural constraints that restrict equitable deployment. Next, the chapter presents a State-of-the-Art review of contemporary AI solutions, encompassing machine learning, remote sensing, IoT-based monitoring, and other emerging multi-modal systems. Finally, the need for ethical AI brings forth some considerations on fairness, inclusivity, transparency, accountability, digital divide, and social conditions. Together, these analyses offer a holistic perspective on how AI can foster sustainable agriculture, provided that there are proper, responsible governance and alignment with broader ecological and societal goals.