This article investigates how renewable energy communities (RECs) are adopting cutting-edge technologies in Europe, what barriers they face to their expansion, and how these aspects are linked to energy poverty. Using a systematic literature review (SLR) approach, the research addresses three central questions related to the use of advanced technologies by RECs, examines the main barriers affecting the implementation of technologies by communities, and how the use of these technologies in the development of energy communities contributes to alleviating energy poverty. The results indicate that technologies such as smart grids and digital platforms are the most frequently adopted, while newer solutions such as blockchain, IoT, VPPs, and battery energy storage remain underutilized, requiring targeted policy support. Financial and technical barriers stand out as the main challenges, especially for low-income communities, limiting access to resources and delaying the implementation of RECs. Regulatory barriers also emerge as significant impediments to the progress of RECs in the European space. Despite the growing body of research, the limited number of publications and the uneven distribution of RECs across Europe—especially in southern countries with high renewable potential—reveal structural gaps. The study highlights the need for greater attention to supporting research and innovation, which can be achieved by harmonizing specific policies to promote inclusive and low-carbon energy transitions. Future studies are encouraged to investigate the technological maturity and scale of deployment to support the proliferation of RECs and reduce energy poverty.