Due to growing environmental concerns, there is a pressing need to adopt sustainable agricultural practices. In this sense, this literature review evaluates the capacity of composting to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and support sustainable development in the agricultural and agrofood industries, which produce substantial quantities of biowaste, such as plant residues, animal excrement, and Agrofood by-products. Composting recycles biowaste into organic amendments that enhance soil quality and agricultural yields. The emission of GHGs during composting can be a significant disadvantage if not optimized. The review analyzes the factors contributing to GHG emissions in composting, encompassing feedstock characteristics, composting conditions, and process management. The physicochemical composition of the mixtures, such as moisture content and C: N ratio, have a notable impact on greenhouse gas emissions during the composting process. Composting parameters, including temperature, aeration, and pH, can impact greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Management techniques, including adjusting the turning frequency and introducing microbial agents, can effectively decrease greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This review examines various chemical compounds, experimental units, and operational strategies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions during composting. Chemical compounds, including nitrification inhibitors and adsorbents, can effectively decrease greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Besides, closed systems and bioreactors have demonstrated a capacity to decrease greenhouse gas emissions during composting. Optimizing composting conditions and reducing turning frequency are operational strategies that can considerably decrease GHG emissions. The review presents case studies on composting processes and associated greenhouse gas emissions in diverse contexts, such as urban food waste, agricultural residues, municipal solid waste, and animal excreta. The case studies demonstrate the capacity of composting to mitigate GHG emissions and support sustainable development in such contexts. It concludes that composting can effectively mitigate GHG emissions, preserve natural resources, and foster sustainability in the agricultural and agrofood sectors. Efficient composting is crucial for sustainable agricultural production due to environmental concerns. Finally, the review recommends researching the effects of composting on soil health and nutrient cycling, as well as establishing uniform greenhouse gas monitoring procedures during the composting process.