Morphometric Characterization of Karst Depressions for Urban Management in the Cities of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico
摘要
Background. In cities in northern Quintana Roo, high-resolution data have been used for the morphometric characterization of karst depressions. However, the available resources have not allowed a detailed characterization of Tulum. Objective. Analyze the karst depressions of Tulum through their basic morphometric characteristics and their relationship with the urban system. Methodology. Contour lines were generated from the DEM ALOS PALSAR with a 1 m equidistance. Subsequently, a TIN was created, which originated a model of shadows, slopes, and 3D elevations. Relief elements such as bottom, scarp, major, and minor axe were differentiated; and indices of compactness, elongation, and types of topographic profiles were calculated. Finally, the spatiality of the negative exokarstic units and their morphometric parameters to the urban elements were analyzed such as population density, geological hazards, and infrastructure affectation. Results. 95 negative units (depressions) were identified and classified according to the compactness index into dolines, uvalas, and poljes. Topographic profiles were recognized mainly in the shape of a “V” with a percentage greater than 60%, and in a lower percentage “U” and “Hoya” shapes were identified. In the central area of the city, there is the highest concentration of depressions with a “V” topographic profile, a considerable distribution of uvula-type depressions, as well as many establishments and high population densities. Implications. The recognition of negative exokarst units is useful in the decision-making, planning, and territorial management of cities. Conclusion. The findings warn of a significant number of V-type depressions and poljes in areas highest concentration of population and public and private establishments, as well as fractures surrounding the city and high rates of karstification. This combination could accentuate and accelerate processes of subsidence and flooding.