The growing attention to environmental and energy issues around the world requires the production and use of new environmentally friendly and sustainable textile fibers. As a natural biological material, bamboo is widely used in the furniture, textile, construction and transport sectors. Technologies for processing this fiber to obtain textile products and chemical treatment have been developed. However, there has been insufficient research on the kinetics and thermodynamics of the dyeing process of textile materials made from bamboo fibers and their mixtures with other fibers. This article is aimed at studying the kinetics and thermodynamics of the dyeing process of mixed fabrics based on bamboo fiber, as well as determining favorable conditions for increasing the efficiency of the process. The kinetics of the dyeing process requires the study of the diffusion coefficient and the activation energy of diffusion, thermodynamic analysis requires the study of parameters such as standard deviation, enthalpy, entropy, etc. Bamboo and cotton yarns were dyed with Reactive red 224 active dye in a continuous method for 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 min at a temperature of 90 °C, and the amount of dye fixed to the fiber was determined using the residual solution method using a UV-755 spectrophotometer. The diffusion of the dye into cotton and bamboo yarns was calculated using the Melnikov equation, and the diffusion energy was determined on its basis. The calculated enthalpy of the process based on the results of the study showed that a strong covalent bond was formed between cotton and bamboo fibers and Reactive red 224. It was found that the higher binding energy between cotton fiber and dye compared to bamboo fibers was related to the morphology and supramolecular structure of the fibers.