Since the invention of movable type by Gutenberg in Germany, books have been printed. Yet a series of substantive technological events transformed printing, reading, and access to the book. This chapters examines and analyzed how the U.S. trade book publishing industry moved away from a largely print-based industry to offering readers, listeners, and libraries a rather exciting yet complex mix of print and digital options. In addition, other substantive issues will be analyzed, including: the emergence and wide acceptance of the Internet; the development of desk-top and light-weight laptops with “large” color screens, “adequate” storage capacity, and at attractive price points; the wide acceptance of Microsoft Word and Suite capabilities; and significant developments in the printing of hardcover and paperback books.