The twentieth century witnessed the full deployment and success of the Baconian Program. Its components—method, purpose, direction, focus, and institutions—intertwined knowledge, technology, and production to herald the emergence of a “knowledge society” qualitatively different from the agricultural or industrial societies of older times. Scientific research, technological development, and innovation became the main determinants of economic growth and social improvements (UNESCO, 2005). There was a steady increase in the share of knowledge workers involved in education, research, and development, government and private services, information processing and exchange, media and the arts. In contrast, there was a significant reduction in the proportion of people employed in agriculture, mining, and industry, and in addition these activities became more knowledge intensive.