Taking the bolt-loaded connections between composite laminate and metal plate as research object, the load-bearing characteristics of single-lap and double-lap joint configurations of composite panels were analyzed. The classic stiffness method is used to analyze the stiffness of composite laminate bolt connections, providing the shear stiffness of the bolts. A three-dimensional model of the composite laminate-metal plate bolt connection structure was established using MSC.PATRAN/NASTRAN. The effects of laminate orientation, bolt edge distance, and bolt hole diameter on bolt load distribution were analyzed. The results indicate that appropriately increasing the ratio of edge distance to the hole diameter can reduce the load distribution ratio among the bolt rows. For more than three rows of bolts, the bolt load distribution exhibits an asymmetric bathtub-type shape. As the number of bolt rows increases, the load distribution ratio of the most critical bolt continually decreases.