Aquatic macrophytes are a diverse group of plants that live in ecosystems such as freshwater, brackish, and marine water. They are well adapted to different hydrological conditions, especially the unique physiological and biochemical adaptation to changes in living conditions such as underwater photosynthesis, deficiency or excess of inorganic carbon/other chemicals/oxygen/light/etc. in the environment. Water level, flow, season, temperature, pH, all have significant effects on their morphology, distribution, and community structure. Aquatic macrophytes play crucial ecological roles, such as oxygen production, nutrient cycling, and providing habitat for aquatic organisms. Recent studies indicate that, they also play a vital role in water purification through their metabolism and growth. This has opened up an eco-friendly and cost-effective solution to treat environmental pollution compared to traditional methods. They are highly effective in reducing biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, and various forms of nitrogen and phosphorus. Additionally, they efficiently remove organic and inorganic contaminants (heavy metals, compound forms of N and P), including radioactive wastes, from polluted water. These plants contribute to the development of ecosystem by providing habitat, food, and medicinal properties. Therefore, the use of aquatic macrophytes in phytoremediation not only improves water quality but also helps maintain ecological balance and biodiversity in aquatic environments.