Macrophytes are an integral part of any aquatic ecosystem. These help in shaping the structure and functioning of concerned ecosystems. Besides, it also acts as key factors for different ecological processes. In present study, an attempt has been made to examine fundamental role of macrophytes in determining physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of aquatic ecosystems. In this direction, the focus is on adaptive mechanisms evolved by macrophytes to the dynamic riverine environment and role of macrophytes as primary producer is also described. The effects of macrophytic community on both diversity and functionality of aquatic systems are emphasized. In addition, the ecological advantages of aquatic macrophytes are briefly discussed. This chapter reveals importance of these macrophytes due to up taking the heavy metal polltants. Besides, determination of macrophytic species richness and its occurrence in Himalayan region is also highlighted. Moreover, the effects of environmental factors on macrophytes and removal of macrophytes on aquatic biodiversity are also underlined. Finally, the study concludes with adoption of conservation and management strategies for conserving macrophytes to restore the water quality of Himalayan aquatic systems.