Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) is wastewater management. Goal 6 of the 17 SDG has a direct connection to water quality, while several others have an indirect one. In sustainable wastewater treatment systems, plants are essential because they provide an economical and environmentally responsible way to manage pollution. The present chapter documents the types of plant-based wastewater treatment systems, selection criteria, common plants, their relative efficacy for different types of wastewaters, and limitations are all covered in this chapter. The choice of suitable plant species is a crucial component of effective implementation and is influenced by variables such as biomass productivity, pollution tolerance, root structure, and local situation adaptability. The available literature reported the significant role of plants and other derived materials in wastewater treatment. Besides this, some challenges were also observed like risk of invasive species, variable control, and disposal of accumulated pollutants. This chapter presents a thorough explanation of the role of plants in wastewater treatment by fusing scientific discoveries with useful recommendations. It also provides a framework for choosing the best plant species to maximize system efficiency.