Urbanization and industrialization in metropolitan areas contribute significantly to releasing microcontaminants into aquatic ecosystems. To resolve this matter, exploring plant species from contaminated areas emerges as a promising strategy for the sustainable management of ecosystems. A plant-based technique, also known as phytoremediation, has gained recognition for its ability to accumulate pollutants in plants capable of absorbing, transporting, and stabilizing large quantities of hazardous microcontaminants. Until now, researchers have considered the potential of several aquatic macrophytes for environmental phytoremediation. This chapter focuses on the macrophytes’ potential in wastewater treatment solutions, promoting their efficiency and preventing ecological contamination. Aquatic macrophytes are essential in maintaining ecosystem balance and function while enhancing water quality. The important plants/vegetables revealed tolerance to both inorganic micropollutants (e.g., heavy metals) and organic micropollutants, such as pharmaceutical compounds, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), microplastics, and other halogenated compounds. This adaptability remarks their suitability for use in pollutant remediation. Using aquatic macrophytes with hyperaccumulating properties illustrates a cost-effective and environmentally friendly solution for restoring polluted aquatic ecosystems. By limiting the harmful impacts of pollutants on ecosystems and/or biota, macrophytes show a sustainable approach for decontaminating water/wastewater. Besides, this investigation contributes to advancing the knowledge and application of aquatic macrophytes in remediation efforts, ensuring their role in sustainable ecosystem management.