Cancer is a primary cause of death worldwide, with chemotherapy routinely used despite its significant physiological and psychological side effects. This study evaluated patients’ understanding of chemotherapy-related side effects and coping techniques in a tertiary care hospital in Bhubaneswar. Using a quantitative descriptive methodology, data were collected from 100 purposively selected patients via a self-structured questionnaire and coping scale. The findings revealed that while all individuals suffered mild to moderate side effects, the majority (88%) only displayed moderate coping capacity. Distraction methods such as social connection and media engagement were often used. There was no significant relationship established between coping techniques and demographic characteristics where p value was found less than 0.05%. The study emphasizes the need of structured educational interventions and supportive care measures in improving self-management and psychological resilience in chemotherapy patients.