In Peru there are three main farming regions—coast, the high valleys, and the Amazon forest area. Geography of each of the three regions creates different problems for the production of food. We investigated both the distribution of agricultural productivity over the landscape and the method of utilizing water for that productivity. The data used in this report came from maps compiled from 8850 small farms. Through one method of mathematics, we determined agricultural productivity at each location. Another method was used to determine the types of water usage that occurred at that location. Within the study area, there was a high degree of correlation (I = 0.174, p < 0.001) in productivity between farm sites that were located close together. The equation of the correlation extends 193 km from the maximum productive farm site to the average productive farm site. The average amount of productivity per hectare for farms located in the high valleys of Peru is 524 units; for farms located along the coast, the average productivity per hectare is 235 units, while the average for farms located in the Amazon forest area is only 121 units. This indicates that farmers on small farms in the high valleys of Peru are far more productive than farmers on small farms in other regions. Water use in the coastal region has reached 96%, while the Amazon only makes 15% of its total water demand met. We found 345 examples of extremely high levels of output on farms, but the majority of these 345 sites are located in Cajamarca, Moquegua, and Puno. In contrast, 208 examples of low productivity farm sites were identified that were found to be in good environmental conditions. No large area of low productive farm sites was found. The R-squared statistic indicates that our results had errors; this statistic is 0.106 with an error of 0.772. 78% of the producers of low productivity sites.