The research aims to investigate the issue of insufficient engineering literacy development in the single-industry towns of the Nizhny Novgorod Region and its restraining influence on the region’s socio-economic dynamics. The purpose of this research is to identify the key factors that determine the level of engineering literacy and to develop methodological approaches for its improvement under the specific conditions of monoprofile cities. To achieve this goal, the authors conducted a sociological study to identify the causes of the low level of engineering training among schoolchildren. Based on the data obtained, the authors propose recommendations to enhance educational programs, foster interaction between educational institutions and industrial enterprises, and promote engineering specialties among young people. During the research, the authors developed methodological support for several measures aimed at developing engineering literacy. The proposed measures aim to mitigate the negative consequences of the lack of qualified engineering personnel and enhance the region’s competitiveness.