The research aims to explore the theoretical prospects of a climate-optimized agricultural economy in the Russian Federation, within the framework of the economic laws of the labor theory of use value. The author employs the labor theory of use value, which is based on a series of economic laws, namely: the surplus of labor results over labor costs, the measure of labor becoming dependent on the needs of the population, and the efficiency of agricultural activities being reduced to labor savings and the reduction of working hours. The research demonstrates that Russia now faces interconnected climatic and economic challenges in agriculture. The positive resolution of these negative phenomena lies in transitioning to a climate-optimized agricultural economy based on the laws of the labor theory of value. Using a consumption-value analysis of agricultural land and cultivated plants, the article reveals indicators of labor savings and energy recovery for the population. It also identifies regions of the Russian state with the greatest contribution to utility potentials. Additionally, it considers the losses related to the labor costs of workers and the value indicators of fixed assets necessary to achieve the expected potential economic results in the country’s agricultural sector.