Agricultural waste power generation, as a clean and renewable energy utilization method, is of great significance for improving the utilization efficiency of agricultural resources and reducing environmental pollution. However, the current agricultural waste power generation supply chain network faces problems such as information asymmetry, multiple circulation links, and resource waste and urgently needs to be optimized. By analyzing the agricultural waste power generation supply chain network, a set of optimization strategies are finally proposed. The optimization of the agricultural waste power generation supply chain network requires starting from multiple aspects such as infrastructure construction, supply chain synergy, technological innovation, green supply chain management, and risk management to achieve the resource utilization of agricultural waste and the efficient supply of clean energy. The implementation of these optimization strategies will help promote the sustainable development of the agricultural waste power generation industry and make contributions to environmental protection and energy transformation.