Scalability remains a key challenge for public blockchains like Bitcoin and Ethereum, whose limited throughput and high fees hinder adoption. Proposed solutions range from Layer-1 enhancements such as sharding to Layer-2 designs including sidechains, state channels, and rollups. Among them, zk-Rollups offer notable performance gains while preserving base-layer security through succinct proofs. This paper presents a zk-Rollup prototype for monetary transactions, following the canonical architecture of sequencer, executor, prover, and data-availability module, with proving logic in a Circom circuit. Restricting operations to token transfers isolates core validity rules and enables systematic evaluation of proof generation and state transition efficiency. The framework provides a modular basis for benchmarking zk-Rollup scalability and extending functionality toward richer transactions and upcoming upgrades such as Proto-Danksharding (EIP-4844).

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Scaling Blockchains with zk-Rollups: State of the Art and Implementation

  • Remi Barbier,
  • Francoise Sailhan,
  • Alexandre Reiffers-Masson,
  • Loic Machado

摘要

Scalability remains a key challenge for public blockchains like Bitcoin and Ethereum, whose limited throughput and high fees hinder adoption. Proposed solutions range from Layer-1 enhancements such as sharding to Layer-2 designs including sidechains, state channels, and rollups. Among them, zk-Rollups offer notable performance gains while preserving base-layer security through succinct proofs. This paper presents a zk-Rollup prototype for monetary transactions, following the canonical architecture of sequencer, executor, prover, and data-availability module, with proving logic in a Circom circuit. Restricting operations to token transfers isolates core validity rules and enables systematic evaluation of proof generation and state transition efficiency. The framework provides a modular basis for benchmarking zk-Rollup scalability and extending functionality toward richer transactions and upcoming upgrades such as Proto-Danksharding (EIP-4844).