Earth Observation (EO) refers to the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of data about the Earth's natural and built environments using remote sensing technologies. It involves monitoring the planet’s physical, chemical, and biological systems to track environmental changes, assess resource distribution, and understand natural and human-induced phenomenon. Since the discovery and advancement of EO concepts in the mid-twentieth century, it has become an indispensable component of environmental monitoring (EM). Although EO primarily relies on satellite-based sensors, data are also gathered from aerial platforms like drones and aircraft-mounted sensors, as well as ground-based systems like weather stations, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology. These diverse and continuously evolving methods, tools, and techniques enable the monitoring of various aspects of the Earth’s physical, chemical, and biological processes, allowing for the acquisition of large-scale, continuous, and high-resolution Earth Observation datasets without requiring direct physical contact.