This chapter examines how geographic information systems (GISs), remote sensing, and pollution-linked spatial indicators can mitigate environmental pollution in West Africa’s coastal regions while advancing net-zero transitions and supporting the blue economy. This research aims to analyze spatial pollution patterns, assess their connections to emissions and marine ecosystem disruptions, and explore GIS-driven interventions that integrate pollution control with climate mitigation and coastal economic resilience. Using a mixed-method approach, this chapter combines a narrative review of the pollution and governance literature with a synthesis of time-averaged and time series aerosol optical depth (AOD) and aerosol absorption optical depth (AAOD) data, alongside overland runoff data from NASA Giovanni, a web-based platform for analyzing atmospheric and hydrological datasets. The analysis traces pollution pathways, identifies accumulation zones, and links them to carbon-intensive activities such as gas flaring, industrial emissions, and agricultural runoff. The findings reveal that AOD and AAOD serve as key indicators of combustion emissions, whereas overland runoff data highlight nutrient and waste transfers affecting marine ecosystems and fisheries. Pollution hotspots overlap with critical blue economy sectors, reinforcing the need for integrated pollution management. The chapter proposes adaptive waste management systems, low-carbon pollution controls, and integrated policy reforms, emphasizing the GIS as a decision-support tool. Ultimately, embedding GIS-based pollution diagnostics into governance frameworks will enable West African nations to reduce their pollution burdens, strengthen marine ecosystem resilience, and align economic activities with net-zero objectives, reinforcing the sustainability of the region’s blue economy.