Saccharide biomasses that produce mono- and disaccharides play a crucial role in food, biofuel, and biochemical industries. Understanding the structure and properties of these saccharides is essential to optimizing their utilization. Monosaccharides, such as glucose and fructose, and disaccharides, like sucrose, have distinct physicochemical characteristics that influence their behavior in biological and industrial processes. Several plant species, including sugarcane, sugar beet, and sweet sorghum, are primary sources of these sugars, each with unique accumulation mechanisms. Traditional processing methods, such as extraction and purification, have been refined over time to improve efficiency and sustainability. The economic aspects of saccharide production highlight its significance in global markets, with key players like Brazil, India, and the United States. In this context, saccharide biomasses remain vital resources for multiple industries, reinforcing the need for continued research and innovation to enhance their production and application. This chapter focuses on mono- and disaccharide-rich biomasses, providing a comprehensive overview of the structure and properties of these saccharides, the main plant species that accumulate these sugars and the techniques of processing them, the economic aspects, and finally, the bio- and by-products originating from saccharide biomasses.