Defensive responses that produce more reactive oxygen species (ROS) than the body naturally produces as an antioxidant promote the development of oxidative stress and lead to harmful changes in cellular components like proteins, DNA, and lipids. Oxidative stress can activate a variety of transcription factors, which can then set off inflammatory pathways. Numerous chronic diseases have been connected to these pathways, including Osteoarthritis, Cancer, Parkinson’s disease (PD), Hypercholesterolemia, Heart failure (HF), Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), etc. In the context of cellular defense against oxidants, the enzymes along with their coenzymes and substrates are responsible for antioxidant function, primarily referred to as “Antioxidants.” Regarding the wide range of substances and processes, numerous biomarkers of oxidative stress-related damage have also been found. Thus, we covered the fundamentals of oxidative stress and inflammation as well as their interdependence.