Scholarlink

Oxidative stress, an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defence mechanisms, leads to damage of proteins, lipids, cell membranes, and genetic material. Both endogenous factors, such as immune cell activation, inflammation, and aging, and exogenous factors, including pollution, alcohol, and radiation, contribute to the production of ROS. These highly reactive free radicals play dual roles in biological systems, being essential for signalling processes yet detrimental when produced in excess. This chapter delves into the mechanisms of ROS generation, overview of oxidative stress, its causes, consequences and management. It explores how ROS can trigger downstream signalling pathways that lead to various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative conditions, and diabetes. It also explores both endogenous and exogenous sources of ROS production. Although the body’s defence mechanisms, including natural antioxidants, are typically effective at maintaining balance, disturbances in antioxidant levels—whether excess or deficiency—can exacerbate oxidative stress. Antioxidants, both natural and synthetic, function by neutralizing free radicals through mechanisms such as chain-breaking and quenching. They are classified as natural and synthetic along with their mechanism of action and pharmacological properties. Key naturally occurring antioxidant enzymes include superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, while synthetic antioxidants include compounds like butylated hydroxytoluene and propyl gallate. The chapter highlights the therapeutic role of antioxidants in disease management. Detailed insights into the pharmacological properties and mechanisms of different types of antioxidants are provided, underscoring their significance in combating oxidative stress-mediated diseases. In conclusion, this chapter offers key insights into oxidative stress and antioxidant therapy, summarizing antioxidants' pharmacological profiles and clinical relevance. It highlights the prospects in antioxidant research, providing directions for ongoing and future studies to advance our understanding and application of antioxidants in disease prevention and management.

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Pharmacological Insights into Antioxidants for Oxidative Stress Management

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

查看全文
  • Prajakta C. Ghume,
  • Divyansh Khatri,
  • Sapana Kushwaha

摘要

Oxidative stress, an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defence mechanisms, leads to damage of proteins, lipids, cell membranes, and genetic material. Both endogenous factors, such as immune cell activation, inflammation, and aging, and exogenous factors, including pollution, alcohol, and radiation, contribute to the production of ROS. These highly reactive free radicals play dual roles in biological systems, being essential for signalling processes yet detrimental when produced in excess. This chapter delves into the mechanisms of ROS generation, overview of oxidative stress, its causes, consequences and management. It explores how ROS can trigger downstream signalling pathways that lead to various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative conditions, and diabetes. It also explores both endogenous and exogenous sources of ROS production. Although the body’s defence mechanisms, including natural antioxidants, are typically effective at maintaining balance, disturbances in antioxidant levels—whether excess or deficiency—can exacerbate oxidative stress. Antioxidants, both natural and synthetic, function by neutralizing free radicals through mechanisms such as chain-breaking and quenching. They are classified as natural and synthetic along with their mechanism of action and pharmacological properties. Key naturally occurring antioxidant enzymes include superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, while synthetic antioxidants include compounds like butylated hydroxytoluene and propyl gallate. The chapter highlights the therapeutic role of antioxidants in disease management. Detailed insights into the pharmacological properties and mechanisms of different types of antioxidants are provided, underscoring their significance in combating oxidative stress-mediated diseases. In conclusion, this chapter offers key insights into oxidative stress and antioxidant therapy, summarizing antioxidants' pharmacological profiles and clinical relevance. It highlights the prospects in antioxidant research, providing directions for ongoing and future studies to advance our understanding and application of antioxidants in disease prevention and management.