The allocation of resources in the healthcare sector is unique because of the large amount of single-use devices, complicated medical equipment, and other wasteful clinical practices. The problem of waste creation in healthcare is exacerbated by the predominant practices in Environmental science, Resource Research, and Health Economics. The purpose of this review is to inform the audience about the processes involved in the recycling and remanufacturing of medical devices, diagnostic equipment and hospital waste, through the study of literature on remanufacturing and recycling in the healthcare sector and on the interrelations of law, technology, recovery of materials, and sustainability via the life-cycle of a product. This paper focuses on the qualitative and quantitative aspects of remanufacturing, recycling, and the environmental economy. The review builds on the recent innovations in digital tracking, circular supply chains and policy-imposed sustainability to identify core research gaps and to outline plausible future research to achieve a resilient and sustainable healthcare system.