Central Africa presents a paradox of abundant natural resources yet entrenched poverty, weak governance, and persistent conflict. Covering the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Central African Republic, Cameroon, Chad, and Equatorial Guinea, this chapter investigates how livelihood capitals are mobilized amid instability. Natural capital is immense (rich forests, rivers, and mineral resources), but is often exploited unsustainably, benefiting elites while undermining community resilience. Human capital is undermined by chronic insecurity, limited education, and poor health services. Social capital is crucial, particularly kinship ties and community solidarity that sustain livelihoods during crises. Financial capital remains largely informal, shaped by subsistence activities and remittances, while physical capital is highly uneven, with infrastructure concentrated in urban centers and extractive enclaves. Case studies on artisanal mining in DRC and recovery efforts in the Central African Republic illustrate both resilience and vulnerability under conditions of violence. The chapter concludes that resilience in Central Africa requires governance reforms, equitable management of natural resources, and investments in social and human capital. Without such structural shifts, livelihood systems risk being locked in cycles of fragility and exploitation.