A Lightweight 2D Convolutional Neural Network for Early Diagnosis and Staging of Parkinson’s Disease from Brain MRI Image
摘要
For clinical management and treatment planning to be successful, Parkinson’s disease (PD) and its early stages must be identified promptly and accurately. This study introduces a lightweight two-block convolutional neural network (CNN) that uses 2D brain MRI slices to perform early-stage stratification (Stage 1 vs. Stage 2) and binary classification (PD vs. healthy). The model is composed of five convolutional layers with ReLU activation and max pooling, a fully connected layer with 1,024 units, and a SoftMax output layer. It is trained on 831 labelled MRI images with a 50 x 50-pixel size. The Adam optimizer (learning rate = 1 × 10⁻3), a batch size of 5, and 100 epochs were used for training. On the training set, the model’s accuracy was 100%, and on a held-out test, it was 96% accuracy on a held-out test set (n = 25), with F₁-scores of 0.94 (precision) and 0.89 (recall) for PD classification and an AUC of 1.00. The test cohort’s disease stages were perfectly classified when a threshold of 0.94 was applied to the PD class probability for stage prediction. Now the system is now an interactive Streamlet web application that enables real-time inference from single MRI slice uploads, producing diagnosis, stage, and confidence scores to improve accessibility, with no requirement for artificial data or intensive preprocessing. Our method provides a good balance between accuracy and computational efficiency when compared to current MRI-based and multimodal approaches.