The conclusion synthesises the main findings from the comparative analysis across legislation, practices, securitisation, and crime statistics. It outlines the overarching trends of rising illiberalism, the securitisation-marginalisation-radicalisation nexus, and the growing influence of populist and extremist narratives. The chapter concludes with reflections on the effectiveness of current counter-extremism strategies and the fundamental tension between security imperatives and the protection of civil liberties in democratic societies.