Since the end of the 20th century, globalization has been consolidated, driven by a strong synergy between nations in the political, cultural and economic areas, with emphasis on the globalization of supply chains. However, in recent years, there has been growing resistance to this model, especially among large multinationals, which prioritized low production costs and high efficiency. This model now faces challenges due to the deglobalization movement. That said, the objective of this work is to carry out an analysis of supply chain resilience to seek to understand the causes and context that led to the emergence of deglobalization, the consequences brought to supply chains on a global scale and the study of the factors, in a holistic way, that influence supply chain resilience. To this end, systematic literature review and computational simulation techniques using system dynamics analysis through the AnyLogic® software was used to verify the relationship between the consequences of deglobalization and simulate the impact between parameters related to capabilities and vulnerabilities with supply chain resilience. Through the literature review, it was possible to identify sets of variables (Flow, vulnerability and capability) that were useful for creating a causal model for understanding the system’s relationships. From the results obtained, it was possible to conclude that there is at least a relationship between the variables identified in the literature and the consequences felt by supply chains, making the study relevant and feasible and providing the theoretical bases to support the implementation of methodologies for the design of a resilient supply chain.