Brazil, despite being a large food producer, faces a serious problem of food insecurity. Millions of Brazilians do not have access to healthy and nutritious food. This situation is the result of social inequality, lack of infrastructure and low income. The consequences of this situation are serious: the health of the population is compromised, child development is harmed and the economy suffers. It is essential that the government and civil society work together to implement effective public policies and ensure that all Brazilians have access to quality food. To better understand this issue, it is necessary to analyze social indicators such as the literacy rate, gender inequality, family income and access to drinking water. A literature search was developed for this in-depth understanding. Furthermore, investing in infrastructure and promoting rural development are essential measures to combat food insecurity.