Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a common pediatric orthopedic condition that is relatively predictable, offering opportunities to enhance efficiency and value in care for children. Developing an optimal approach for conducting the history, physical examinations, and imaging can ensure a timely and accurate diagnosis and minimize radiation exposure to the patient. The current chapter provides a best-evidence summary of scoliosis screening and diagnosis, with a focus on optimizing value.