Intoeing is a common condition in children, characterized by the inward turning of the feet during walking or running. Intoeing is often referred to as a pigeon-toed gait. Intoeing is a common source of concern for parents and prompts consultation with pediatric or family medicine physicians. A lack of understanding regarding the natural history of intoeing, coupled with nonadherence to evidence-based treatment guidelines, can result in unnecessary healthcare expenditures, including unwarranted referrals to pediatric orthopedic surgeons and the overuse of imaging studies. The goal of this chapter is to review pediatric intoeing, with a focus on value-based care. Key topics will include causes of intoeing, indications for referral, appropriate use of imaging, and the clinical utility of orthotics and bracing.

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Pediatric Intoeing: Patience, Education, Reassurance

  • Brian Piazza,
  • Jon Raso

摘要

Intoeing is a common condition in children, characterized by the inward turning of the feet during walking or running. Intoeing is often referred to as a pigeon-toed gait. Intoeing is a common source of concern for parents and prompts consultation with pediatric or family medicine physicians. A lack of understanding regarding the natural history of intoeing, coupled with nonadherence to evidence-based treatment guidelines, can result in unnecessary healthcare expenditures, including unwarranted referrals to pediatric orthopedic surgeons and the overuse of imaging studies. The goal of this chapter is to review pediatric intoeing, with a focus on value-based care. Key topics will include causes of intoeing, indications for referral, appropriate use of imaging, and the clinical utility of orthotics and bracing.