This chapter discusses the clinical uses and ethical issues of artificial intelligence (AI) in ophthalmology, focusing on evaluating, implementing, and ethically using AI technologies. It looks at how machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms are integrated into retinal imaging, surgical planning, intraoperative guidance, postoperative monitoring, and teleophthalmology. Through these uses, AI improves diagnostic accuracy, enhances surgical precision, and broadens access to specialized care. The chapter also examines key ethical areas, including privacy, data security, bias reduction, fairness, accountability, and transparency, that support the safe and fair deployment of AI in healthcare. Strategies like ethical frameworks, ongoing monitoring, and collaboration among multiple stakeholders are suggested to reduce risks and build trust. By combining technical progress with ethical principles, AI can improve ophthalmic care while safeguarding patient safety, professional integrity, and societal trust.