This chapter offers a detailed look at how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming surgical efficiency and operational management in the operating room (OR). It examines the integration of machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and surgical data science to improve surgical scheduling, resource management, workflow prediction, and postoperative care. AI-based predictive models enhance operative time estimation, reduce cancellations, and improve scheduling accuracy, thereby lowering hospital costs and increasing patient throughput. Additionally, AI-powered tools for skill assessment and robotic-assisted surgery allow objective evaluation of surgical performance and boost intraoperative precision through context-aware assistance and augmented reality (AR) visualization. Cutting-edge 3D digital visualization platforms and head-mounted AR systems like the Beyeonics One exoscope represent new advances in ophthalmic and microsurgical innovation. The chapter also covers AI applications in predicting postoperative outcomes, reducing hospital readmissions, and optimizing patient discharge processes. Overall, these technologies highlight AI’s potential to reshape perioperative management, improve surgical results, and foster the development of intelligent, data-driven operating environments.