Efficient logistics, encompassing resource distribution, transport, maintenance, and infrastructure readiness, is essential for mission success and rapid crisis response. As a NATO member situated in a geopolitically sensitive region, Lithuania faces critical logistical constraints that impact its ability to meet international obligations. This paper examines the challenges of organizing Host Nation Support (HNS) logistics in Lithuania. A combination of theoretical analysis and empirical research, including scientific literature review, legal framework assessment, and semi-structured interviews, revealed six key factors influencing HNS logistics capabilities: interinstitutional cooperation and coordination, transport infrastructure capacity, technical maintenance and human resource availability, legal procedures, digital technologies, and overall logistical competencies. The study highlights that a well-organized and modern logistics system significantly improves supply chain efficiency, decision-making speed, and system reliability under operational pressure. The findings also identified four major obstacles to effective HNS implementation in Lithuania: insufficient coordination between military and civilian institutions, limited transport infrastructure capacity, inadequate maintenance capabilities and shortages in skilled personnel and lack of digitalization and smart logistics solutions, which reduces transparency and responsiveness in supply chain management. The paper concludes by proposing strategic improvements that aim to reinforce Lithuanian HNS logistics system and ensure its alignment with NATO operational standards.