The semiconductor sector holds a central position in technological innovation by supplying critical components to various industries. Characterized by intense competition and rapid evolution, this sector requires firms to maintain high levels of operational efficiency to succeed in the global marketplace. In this context, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) offers a valuable approach for evaluating company performance and relative efficiency across multiple dimensions. This study examines the efficiency and competitiveness of four companies in the semiconductor industry using DEA. A literature review establishes the theoretical framework by addressing key concepts related to both the semiconductor market and the DEA approach. Following this, sector-specific data are selected, and the criteria for evaluating efficiency are defined: Total Revenue, Net Profit, Investments in Research and Development, Gross Margin, and Number of Employees between 2018 and 2022. The data for this analysis were sourced from investor reports published by the companies. The findings indicate that the selected companies achieved average efficiency rates exceeding 51%. Furthermore, an examination of the practices adopted by the most efficient firms provides insights into the sector’s competitive landscape and resource allocation strategies. The variation in efficiency leadership throughout the period underscores the capacity of these firms to adapt swiftly to the sector’s dynamic environment.