Advances in platinum-based chemotherapy have significantly improved survival rates for testicular cancer and now exceed 99% for early-stage disease. Key chemotherapeutic agents include bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin, carboplatin, ifosfamide, and paclitaxel. Platinum compounds (cisplatin and carboplatin) disrupt DNA replication via crosslinking, while etoposide inhibits topoisomerase II, and bleomycin induces DNA breaks through free radicals. Ifosfamide forms DNA crosslinks after hepatic activation, and paclitaxel disrupts microtubule dynamics, arresting the cell cycle. Side effects are drug-specific and include nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, myelosuppression, pulmonary toxicity, and neuropathy. Fertility concerns and mutagenic risks necessitate sperm banking and contraception during treatment.