Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most commonly used medication groups, not only for their analgesic effects but also their anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties. In the context of urology, NSAIDs play a vital role in the management of pain and inflammation associated with conditions such as renal colic, cystitis, prostatitis and in the post-operative period, while also reducing consumption of opiate-based analgesia. Understanding the pharmacology underpinning their use is essential for the safe and effective application of these drugs in clinical practice.