Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Antiplatelets are widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular disease and peripheral arterial disease. Antiplatelet drugs reduce the risk of subsequent vascular events and are therefore used for secondary prevention. Additionally, antiplatelets are used for secondary prevention in patients who suffer with these conditions. The use of antiplatelets is increasing due to an ageing population and increased prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and obesity. In this chapter, we discuss the most common antiplatelet drugs and the relevant peri-operative considerations in reference to urological surgery.